Nutrition Point 小編・Jun 04,2021

維他命B12:功效、特徵與缺乏症狀

維他命 B12

<Vitamin B12>

Quick Answer

維他命B12是一種水溶性維他命,對人體多種化學反應至關重要,主要負責紅血球的製造、維持神經系統的正常運作,以及協助DNA核酸的合成。由於維他命B12的主要來源為肉類和奶製品,素食者患上維他命B12不足的機會較大。缺乏維他命B12可能導致貧血、四肢乏力及神經問題,因此若有疑慮應尋求專業協助。

究竟為什麼維他命那麼重要?這是因為維他命經常涉及人體的不同化學反應。如維他命A 能幫助細胞增長、維他命C 會以輔因子(Cofactor)的身份協助骨膠原的製造、維他命K 會以不同身份如輔酶(Coenzyme),幫助凝血。而這次文章的主角是維他命B 雜的其中一員——維他命B12。維他命B12影響著很多不同的體內化學反應(Metabolism)。

維他命B12的作用

我相信大家對紅血球耳熟能詳。它會帶著氧氣在血液中游走,把氧氣帶到身體每一個角落。但又有多少人知道在紅血球製造的過程中需要維他命B12?紅血球在骨髓(bone marrow)中製造,在成為一個成熟的紅血球前,骨髓干細胞(Myeloid stem cell, precursor of red blood cell),需要一分為二。而此過程需要維他命B12的協助。若缺少了維他命B12,骨髓干細胞便不能分裂,使其不能製造正常的紅血球,引致貧血(Anemia)。除此之外,維他命B12會維持神經系統的運作。它會保護神經纖維(Nerve fiber),有助傳遞訊息到大腦或由大腦傳遞訊息到身體不同部位。使人有不同觸覺如熱、痛、痕等。除了紅血球的製造外,維他命B12亦幫助DNA 核酸(Nucleic acid)的製造。

維他命B12的特徵

維他命B12是水溶性維他命(Water soluble vitamin),它不能儲存在人體脂肪內,所以一般來說它會儲存於肝臟內。而維他命B12最大的來源是肉類如豬肉、牛肉以及牠們的肝臟,牛奶和芝士都是不錯的來源。但從食物來源不難看見素食者會有較大機會患上維他命B12不足(Vitamin B12 deficiency)。他們或要從一些B12補充品去攝取足夠的維他命B12。

而另一類有較高機會患上維他命B12 不足的人士是曾經在胃部或小腸尾部做過切除手術的人。這是因為在吸收維他命B12的過程中,胃部製造的蛋白質會與維他命B12結合,然後運送它到小腸並在小腸吸收。若在那兩處做過手術的話會有機會導致維他命B12不能正常地吸收。若有此情況便應尋求營養師協助。而維他命B12不足的症狀除了在上述所談及的貧血外,更會使四肢乏力、經常失平衡或者會有一些神經上的問題。

總結而言,不要看少維他命B12對身體的貢獻,如果是素食者或者在胃部或小腸做過手術的人,懷疑自己有維他命B12不足的症狀,便應尋找醫生或營養師的幫助。

Reference:

Allen, L. H. (2008). Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Food Nutr Bull, 29(2), 20-34.

Heerden, P. V., Linton, D. M., Romain, M., Stav, I., Sviri, S. (2016). The role of Vitamin B12 in the critically ill—a review. Anaesth Intensive Care, 44(4), 447-452.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1 What are the main functions of Vitamin B12 in the body?

Vitamin B12 is crucial for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. It also maintains the proper functioning of the nervous system by protecting nerve fibers and aids in the manufacturing of DNA nucleic acid.

2 Who is most at risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Vegetarians are at a higher risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency because its primary sources are meat and dairy products. Individuals who have undergone stomach or small intestine removal surgery may also struggle with B12 absorption.

3 What are the symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency, and when should I seek professional help?

Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, limb weakness, frequent loss of balance, and neurological problems. If you are a vegetarian, have had stomach or small intestine surgery, or suspect you have these symptoms, you should seek assistance from a doctor or nutritionist.

4 How can Nutrition Point help if I suspect a Vitamin B12 deficiency?

The page recommends seeking a nutritionist if you suspect a Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nutrition Point offers professional nutritional advice and services like the "360 comprehensive sub-health check," which can analyze micro-element content to help identify underlying causes of health issues, including potential vitamin deficiencies.