Nutrition Point 小編・Jun 26,2021

阿茲海默氏症:成因、預防與營養改善策略

阿茲海默氏症

「阿茲海默氏症」(Alzheimer’s disease)是一種常見的認知障礙症,研究估計美國約有4百萬人患上痴呆和認知障礙症,這種疾病會隨着我們的年齡增長而出現,因此一般俗稱為老人癡呆。在香港,老人癡呆已成為常見的疾病,平均每5名香港人中便有1名患上老人癡呆,因此以下文章便會解釋癡呆的成因和相關方法可以改善病徵。

Quick Answer

阿茲海默氏症是一種常見的認知障礙症,在香港平均每5名港人中便有1名患上老人癡呆。透過均衡飲食,攝取足夠的葉酸和維他命B12有助降低血液中同半胱氨酸水平,從而減低患上認知障礙症的風險。多吃含有抗氧化功能的食物,如蘋果和南瓜,能幫助腦部對抗自由基損害,同時維持心血管健康,攝取不飽和脂肪並減少飽和脂肪,亦可降低患上阿茲海默氏症的風險。

老人痴呆的成因和影響

由於腦部有部份細胞受到病變影響,因此受損細胞便會形成細胞斑,以致周邊腦細胞死亡;另一方面,神經元亦會受病變影響,阻礙信息間的傳遞,令記憶力逐漸衰退。在老人癡呆的影響下,患者在日常生活、溝通和情緒上會有轉變。病情亦會隨着時間惡化,如記憶力衰退、記不起最近發生的事情、溝通出現困難,甚至出現性格和行為的變化。

如何避免患上老人痴呆?

有研究指出,葉酸能有助減低患上認知障礙症的風險;能降低在血液中同半胱氨酸(homocysteine)的水平,有助減低患上心臟病。當同半胱氨酸在血液的水平較高時,便會隨之降低葉酸和維他命B 12的水平,令患上中風和認知障礙症的風險隨之上升。 因此,維持均衡飲食能幫助我們攝取足夠的葉酸,而我們每天攝取至少5份的新鮮蔬果,例如深綠色蔬菜、西蘭花、橙和香蕉等。另外,我們也可從動物肝臟、穀物和豆類中攝取葉酸和維他命B 12。

另外,我們也可以多吃一些含有抗氧化功能的食物,例如蘋果、盧荀、甜椒、南瓜等食物,他們可以幫助腦部對抗自由基的損害,避免出現柏金遜症(Parkinson’s disease)和認知障礙的風險。

當然,我們需要維持心血管疾病,多攝取不飽和脂肪和減少攝取飽和脂肪和反式脂肪,如多吃堅果類並少吃油炸食物,令我們的血管保持暢通和血壓水平維持正常,便能減少對腦部的損害和中風,亦可降低患上認知障礙的風險。

參考資料

Aisen, P. S. (1997). Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Gerontology, 43(1-2), 143-149.

Cermakova, P., Eriksdotter, M., Lund, L. H., Winblad, B., Religa, P., & Religa, D. (2015). Heart failure and Alzheimer′ s disease. Journal of internal medicine, 277(4), 406-425.

Feng, Y., & Wang, X. (2012). Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2012.

Levitt, A. J., & Karlinsky, H. (1992). Folate, vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 86(4), 301-305.

Wang, H. X., Wahlin, Å., Basun, H., Fastbom, J., Winblad, B., & Fratiglioni, L. (2001). Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 56(9), 1188-1194.

Older Post › ‹ New Posts

Frequently Asked Questions

1 What dietary changes can help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease?

The article suggests a balanced diet rich in folate from foods like dark green vegetables, oranges, and bananas, as well as vitamin B12 from animal liver and grains. Consuming antioxidant-rich foods such as apples and pumpkins, and maintaining cardiovascular health by choosing unsaturated fats over saturated and trans fats, are also recommended.

2 Why are nutrients like folate and antioxidants important for preventing cognitive disorders?

Folate helps lower homocysteine levels in the blood, which, when high, can increase the risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. Antioxidants protect brain cells from damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of conditions like Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline.

3 Does Nutrition Point offer professional guidance for dietary strategies to prevent cognitive decline?

Yes, Nutrition Point offers "Disease Nutrition Consultation" services. While the page provides general information on preventing Alzheimer's through diet, these consultations can provide personalized dietary strategies based on individual needs to support overall brain health.