LAU JIM・Mar 15,2021

| 不同種類的脂肪 |

Quick Answer

食物中主要含有飽和脂肪、反式脂肪、單元不飽和脂肪和多元不飽和脂肪四種,不同種類的脂肪對人體膽固醇水平有不同影響。飽和脂肪酸和人造反式脂肪會提升血液中的壞膽固醇,例如飽和脂肪酸常見於雞皮和全脂乳製品,而反式脂肪則存在於油炸食品和餅乾中。單元不飽和脂肪酸能提升身體的好膽固醇,其來源包括橄欖油和牛油果;多元不飽和脂肪酸(如Omega 6和Omega 3)則有助於降低總膽固醇、壞膽固醇及甘油三酯,常見於深海魚類和植物油。

所有脂肪也是十分高能量和過份攝取會令體重上升,食物中含有四種脂肪:飽和、反式、單元不飽和脂肪和多元不飽和脂肪,不同脂肪對好壞膽固醇也有不同影響。

什麼是飽和脂肪酸?

飽和脂肪酸會令血中壞膽固醇提升。其主要來源包括可見肥肉、雞皮、高脂肥肉(如香腸、午餐肉)、全脂乳製品(如忌廉、酸忌廉、冰淇淋)、牛油、豬油、起酥油、可可脂(巧克力)、椰子油/奶油/牛奶和棕櫚油。

飽和脂肪酸會令血中壞膽固醇提升。

來源:

  • – 可見肥肉
  • – 雞皮
  • – 高脂肥肉,香腸,午餐肉
  • – 全脂乳製品 
  • – 忌廉,酸忌廉,冰淇淋
  • – 牛油,豬油,起酥油
  • – 可可脂(巧克力)
  • – 椰子油/奶油/牛奶
  • – 棕櫚油

單元不飽和脂肪酸有什麼好處?

單元不飽和脂肪酸提升身體好膽固醇。

來源: 

  • – 橄欖油
  • – 人造牛油 
  • – 牛油果
  • – 堅果 
  • – 花生醬

多元不飽和脂肪酸有哪些種類和好處?

一共有兩種常見的多元不飽和脂肪酸就是Omega 6 和 Omega 3 ,他們常在植物和魚中找到。

1. Omega 6脂肪酸

它們有助於降低總膽固醇和“壞”膽固醇。

來源:

  • – 多不飽和油 – 向日葵油,紅花籽,大豆油,芝麻油和葡萄籽油
  • – 多不飽和人造植物油
  • – 堅果 
  • – 種子
  • – 小麥胚芽
  • – 大豆,扁豆,鷹嘴豆

2.Omega 3 脂肪酸

它們有助於降低高血液甘油三酯,高血壓,血栓(血栓形成),動脈痙攣和心律失常的風險

來源:

  • – 鯖魚,沙丁魚,鯡魚,鮭魚,鱒魚,金槍魚
  • – 亞麻籽(包括亞麻籽產品,如麵包,穀物,一些大豆飲料)
  • – 核桃,亞麻籽
  • – 菜籽油,大豆油,芥菜籽油
  • – 雞蛋

什麼是反式脂肪及其來源?

反式脂肪是天然存在的脂肪,但人造反式脂肪會提升身體中的壞膽固醇。其主要來源包括人造牛油、油炸食品、餅乾、蛋糕、糕點、全脂乳製品以及脂肪肉和雞皮。

反式脂肪是天然存在的脂肪,但人做脂肪產生的反式脂肪會提升身體中的壞膽固醇。

來源: 

  • – 人造牛油
  • – 油炸食品
  • – 餅乾,蛋糕,糕點
  • – 全脂乳製品
  • – 脂肪肉和雞皮

食物中的膽固醇對血液中的膽固醇有不同的影響,它僅存在於動物產品中,因為它是產生膽固醇的動物肝臟。如果你的血液膽固醇很高,應該限制高飽和脂肪和膽固醇食物。其來源包括蛋黃、內臟、蝦、魷魚、章魚和魚子醬。

膳食膽固醇如何影響血液膽固醇?

食物中的膽固醇對血液中的膽固醇有不同的影響。膽固醇僅存在於動物產品中,因為它是產生膽固醇的動物肝臟。如果你的血液膽固醇很高,應該限制高飽和脂肪和膽固醇食物。

來源: 

  • – 蛋黃 
  • – 內臟 
  • – 蝦,蝦,魷魚和章魚 
  • – 魚子醬
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Frequently Asked Questions

1 How do different types of fats impact my health and cholesterol levels?

The page states that saturated and artificial trans fats can increase "bad" cholesterol, while monounsaturated fats can raise "good" cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fats, like Omega 6, help lower total and "bad" cholesterol, and Omega 3 fats can reduce the risk of high triglycerides and blood pressure. All fats are high in energy, and excessive intake can lead to weight gain.

2 Which types of fats should I prioritize for a healthier diet, and which should I limit?

For a healthier diet, you can prioritize monounsaturated fats found in olive oil and avocados, and polyunsaturated fats like Omega 3 (from fish, flaxseed) and Omega 6 (from sunflower oil, nuts). You should limit saturated fats found in fatty meats and full-fat dairy, and artificial trans fats often found in fried foods and pastries, as they can elevate "bad" cholesterol.

3 What are common food sources for the different kinds of fats?

Saturated fats are found in visible fat, chicken skin, full-fat dairy, and coconut oil. Monounsaturated fats are in olive oil, avocados, and nuts. Polyunsaturated Omega 6 fats are in sunflower oil and seeds, while Omega 3 fats are abundant in fatty fish like salmon and flaxseed. Trans fats can be found in fried foods and some baked goods.

4 Does dietary cholesterol from food directly affect my blood cholesterol?

The page states that dietary cholesterol, found only in animal products like egg yolks and organ meats, has different effects on blood cholesterol. If your blood cholesterol is already high, it is recommended to limit foods high in both saturated fat and cholesterol.