LAU JIM・May 01,2021

彩虹飲食:透過多色蔬果降低癌症及慢性疾病風險

彩虹飲食

<生命中的「色彩」>

Quick Answer

彩虹飲食法透過攝取多種顏色蔬果,提供豐富的維他命、礦物質、纖維及植物化學物質,有助於降低患上癌症及其他慢性疾病的風險。這些微營養素如維他命C和E能發揮抗氧化作用,保護細胞免受自由基破壞;鉀質和鎂則有助於放鬆血管,降低血壓。此外,蔬果中的纖維能與膽汁結合排出體外,從而降低體內膽固醇水平,維護心血管健康。植物化學物質如藍莓中的花青素和紅蘿蔔中的胡蘿蔔素,亦提供抗衰老、抗氧化及降低癌症風險的功效。

餐廳內的三色椒炒雞柳、水果店的士多啤梨蘋果橙……我們經常在生活中吃到不同顏色的食物。這些形形色色的蔬果有著非常高的營養價值。除了低脂低卡路里外,不同蔬果亦含有不同的維他命和礦物質,這些微營養素(Micronutrients)有助我們降低患上癌症和其他慢性疾病(Chronic diseases)的機會。

維他命及礦物質(Vitamin and Minerals)

含有豐富水溶性(Water-soluble)維他命C 的甜橙可以在細胞內外發揮它抗氧化的作用,即與自由基(free radical)產生反應,防止高能量的自由基破壞細胞及其基因(DNA),降低引發癌症及破壞心血管的機會。維他命E同樣有抗氧化的作用。但基於它油溶性(Fat soluble)的特質,它會在細胞膜(Cell membrane)保護我們的細胞。而牛油果、芒果、奇異果都含有很高的維他命E。 而香蕉有著很豐富的鉀質(Potassium),有助血管放鬆,降低血壓;同樣的作用可以在鎂 (Magnesium)中發現,鎂可以令血管平滑肌(Vascular smooth muscle)放鬆。我們可以從木瓜、奇異果中攝取鎂。

纖維(Fiber)

不少人都知道纖維對我們的腸道健康,可以防止便秘(Constipation)。所以我們這次會討論纖維的另一種特性—-降低膽固醇。當我們進食蔬果過後,蔬果的纖維會與膽汁(Bile acid)結合,並與它一同排出體外。要知道膽汁的其中一種主要成份是膽固醇。由於部分的膽汁已和纖維一同排出,故肝臟會從血液裏吸收膽固醇來製造膽汁。這過程有助體內膽固醇水平下降,保持心血管健康。

植物化學物質(Phytochemicals)

除了傳統的維他命、礦物質及纖維外,不同的蔬果亦有著不同的植物化學物質。而這些植物化學物質亦是蔬果顏色的來源。如花青素(Anthocyanin),它為藍莓「穿」上了一件深紫色的外衣。花青素亦有助我們抗衰老和抗氧化。而紅蘿蔔會有著橙紅色的原因正正是因為胡蘿蔔素(Carotenoids)。同樣地,胡蘿蔔素能幫助我們降低患上癌症的機會。

我知道有些蔬果未必人人都喜歡吃,所以您們可以從果汁入手。您們可以飲用一些100%的鮮榨果汁,又或者放幾片奇異果或幾顆藍莓在您們的殼物早餐內,好讓自己慢慢習慣它們。當您們想吃茶點時亦可以考慮將一份水果作為您們的點心。而要數到近年熱門的,一定非沙冰奶昔(Smoothie)莫屬。我還記得一位朋友,他經常以沙冰奶昔作為午餐來減肥。沙冰奶昔是把不同蔬果組合再製作而成的飲品。這是一種攝取不同蔬果養份的好方法。

除了不同的食法外,您們亦可以把蔬果放在一個隨手可得且容易觀察的位置。這種方法可以有助您們多吃些蔬果。其實建議了那麼多的食法和方法都只是想大家在日常生活中把不同顏色的蔬果吃進肚內,使自己的健康變得充滿「色彩」。

Reference:

Azlan, A., Khoo, H. E., Lim, S. M., Tang, S. T. (2017). Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and potential health benefits. Food& Nutrition Research, (61)1, 1361779.

Stevens, J. F., Traber, M. G. (2011). Vitamin C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med, 51(5), 1000-1013.

Older Post › ‹ New Posts

Frequently Asked Questions

1 How does eating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables help reduce the risk of chronic diseases and cancer?

Colorful fruits and vegetables are rich in micronutrients like vitamins and minerals, as well as fiber and phytochemicals. These components work to protect cells from damage by free radicals, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and provide antioxidant and anti-aging benefits, thereby decreasing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

2 What specific nutrients in colorful foods contribute to these health benefits?

Vitamin C and E act as antioxidants, protecting cells and DNA. Minerals like potassium and magnesium help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Fiber aids in reducing cholesterol by binding with bile acids, and phytochemicals such as anthocyanin and carotenoids offer anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties.

3 What are some easy ways to incorporate more colorful fruits and vegetables into my daily diet, especially if I'm busy?

You can try drinking 100% fresh juices or adding fruits like kiwi or blueberries to your breakfast cereal. Consider having a piece of fruit as a snack, or making a smoothie with various fruits and vegetables for a nutrient-rich meal. Keeping them easily visible and accessible can also encourage consumption.

4 Can the "Rainbow Diet" help manage cholesterol levels?

Yes, the fiber found in fruits and vegetables plays a role in managing cholesterol. When consumed, fiber binds with bile acids in the digestive system and helps excrete them. To replenish the lost bile acids, the liver then absorbs cholesterol from the bloodstream, which helps to lower overall cholesterol levels.