Nutrition Point 小編・May 20,2021

為何選擇生機飲食?深入解析Raw Food Diet的好處與風險

為何要生機飲食?

<為何要生機飲食?>

Quick Answer

生機飲食 (Raw Food Diet) 旨在透過食用未經加工、未經烹煮的天然食物,以保留食物的完整營養。烹煮過程會導致水溶性維他命和胺基酸等養分流失,例如2019年日本的一項研究指出水煮會降低蔬菜的胺基酸含量。此外,生機飲食能避免高溫烹調產生有害的自由基和不健康的脂肪,並保護對熱敏感的天然消化酵素,這些酵素有助於維持腸胃健康。

地中海飲食(Mediterranean Diet)、生酮飲食(Keto Diet)、原始人飲食(Paleo Diet)…市面上有各式各樣的飲食,用途都是幫助我們維持身體健康、降低我們患上疾病的機會。而這次我們會為大家介紹另一種的飲食—–生機飲食(Raw Food Diet)以及為何要生機飲食。

Raw Food Diet所講的Raw Food 其實是指一些未經加工、不含化學添加、不含防腐等的天然食物,絕大部份的食物在生機飲食中都是沒有經過烹煮的。而生機飲食者和素食者一樣都是不吃肉。在簡單介紹過生機飲食後,我們便回到是次文章的重點,為何要生機飲食?

烹調(Cooking)無疑為我們的食物加添了風味。樓下小炒店中式牛柳的炒洋蔥、高級餐店西式牛排的烤薯仔,光是想想已經垂涎三尺。但您們知不知道在烹煮食物的過程中,有很多營份都不知不覺地流失了?不同年份的研究都反映出煮食有機會減少人們攝取食物的養份。以水溶性維他命(Water-soluble Vitamin)為例,水煮(Boiling)的方法會令水溶性維他命溶在水中。這使人們在食用水煮食物的時候,攝取少了一些水溶性維他命。而2019日本的一份研究都指出以水煮的方式烹調蔬菜會減低胺基酸(Amino Acid)含量。看似健康的水煮竟被指出會降低養份。同時間,雖然實驗反映油炒和用微波爐煮食有助激活或增加養份,但這兩種煮法又會延伸其他的健康問題。 所以生機飲食追求的不但是素食,而且更要把自然的食物「原汁原味」地放進口內,好讓自己把食物的養份完全吸收。

其次,雖然水煮食物會降低養份含量,但煎炸炒都是眾所週知的「壞」方法。這些烹調方法的共通點都是要使用食油。而油的營養成分不外乎是脂肪。所以當人們食用煎炸炒的食物同時,除了攝取了食物自身的養份外,還把食油的一些脂肪吸收, 影響心血管健康。除此之外,油炸食物要求高溫,而食油在長時間高溫下會氧化(oil oxidation)。此化學作用會產生一些高能自由基(Free radical),破壞細胞DNA,引致癌症。

除了養份外,酵素(Enzyme)都是其中一個生機飲食的賣點。酵素可以維持我們身體健康。例如一些水果的天然消化酶(Natural Digestive Enzyme)可以幫助我們消化及腸胃健康。但有些酵素對溫度十分敏感。高溫煮食下會使這些酵素的結構改變。除著結構性的改變,它們便不會再有著幫助消化的效果。所以這亦是生機飲食的另一重點。

當然在現實上,沒有任何一種飲食是完美。生機飲食對食物的要求很高。而且不食用任何肉類。所以在營養方面如維他命B12等可能會有所缺。而長時間進行生機飲食亦有機會令體重嚴重下降,女性或會患上無月經症(Amenorrhea)。故此在進行任何一種飲食時,應該先尋求營養師的意見,看看自己的體質是否適合這飲食。否則到時因為飲食而損害了身體健康便得不償失。

Reference:

Choe, E., Min, D. B. (2007). Chemistry of Deep-Fat frying Oils. Journal of Food Science, 72(5), R77-86.

Choi, Y., Jeong, S. H., Lee, J., Lee, S., Sung, J. (2018). Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Content of Vitamins and True Retention in Selected Vegetables. Food Sciene and Biotechnology, 27(2), 333-342.

Hoffmann, I., Koebnick, C., Leitzmann, C., Strassner, C. (1999). Consequences of a Long-Term Raw Food Diet on Body Weight and Menstruation: Results of a Questionnaire Survey. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 43(2), 69-79.

Ito, H., Kikuzaki, H., Ueno, H. (2019). Effects of Cooking Methods on Free Amino Acid Content in Vegetables. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo), 65(3), 264-271.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1 What are the primary reasons to consider a raw food diet?

The article suggests a raw food diet helps retain nutrients like water-soluble vitamins and amino acids that can be lost during cooking. It also helps avoid unhealthy fats and free radicals produced by high-temperature cooking methods. Additionally, it preserves natural enzymes that aid digestion and overall health, which are often destroyed by heat.

2 Are there any potential health risks or nutritional deficiencies associated with a raw food diet?

Yes, the article highlights potential nutritional deficiencies, such as Vitamin B12, due to the exclusion of meat. Long-term adherence may also lead to severe weight loss and, in women, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). It is crucial to seek professional advice before starting.

3 How does cooking affect the nutritional value of food, according to the article?

Cooking, especially boiling, can cause water-soluble vitamins and amino acids to leach into the water, reducing their intake. Frying and stir-frying introduce unhealthy fats and can lead to oil oxidation at high temperatures, producing free radicals that damage cells. High heat also alters the structure of sensitive enzymes, rendering them ineffective for digestion.

4 Why is it important to consult a nutritionist before starting a raw food diet?

Consulting a nutritionist is important to determine if a raw food diet is suitable for your individual body type and health needs. This helps to prevent potential nutritional deficiencies, such as B12, and avoid adverse health outcomes like severe weight loss or amenorrhea, ensuring the diet benefits rather than harms your health.