Nutrition Point 小編・Aug 22,2021

孕婦飲食懶人包:懷孕期間如何健康均衡飲食?

孕婦飲食懶人包

孕婦在懷孕期間應攝取健康均衡的飲食,以支持自身及胎兒的營養需求。尤其在懷孕初期每天需額外增加約300卡路里。懷孕中期,孕婦每日約需1,500毫克的鈣質以促進骨骼發育,同時攝取足夠的葉酸至關重要,它能幫助寶寶形成神經管,有效預防如無腦畸形和脊柱裂等先天缺陷。此外,懷孕初期應注意補充鐵質,可從深綠葉蔬菜和肉類中獲取;而懷孕中期則應多攝取纖維豐富的食物如全穀物、水果和蔬菜,以預防常見的便秘問題。

Quick Answer

孕婦在懷孕期間應攝取健康均衡的飲食,以支持自身及胎兒的營養需求。尤其在懷孕初期每天需額外增加約300卡路里。懷孕中期,孕婦每日約需1,500毫克的鈣質以促進骨骼發育,同時攝取足夠的葉酸至關重要,它能幫助寶寶形成神經管,有效預防如無腦畸形和脊柱裂等先天缺陷。此外,懷孕初期應注意補充鐵質,可從深綠葉蔬菜和肉類中獲取;而懷孕中期則應多攝取纖維豐富的食物如全穀物、水果和蔬菜,以預防常見的便秘問題。

懷孕初期 – 卡路里

在懷孕頭三個月,如果你覺得很難維持均衡的飲食,您可以放心,因為你並不孤單。由於噁心,一些女性會一直吃東西並令自己變重,而相反,有些女性無胃口因此瘦下來。總之,在懷孕初期,預防營養不良和脫水是您首要的考慮因素。

當您懷孕時,您每天需要比平時多攝取約 300 卡路里,最好是在你身體餓的時候進食。當餓的時候,你應盡可能吃多一點食物,從食物金字塔的底部開始吃。

如果您的體重增加得太慢,請你嘗試少食多餐並稍微進食多一點脂肪。你應該總是在餓的時候吃多一點東西,因為你現在是為了兩個人吃而不是只有你自己一個。

懷孕初期 –

很多女性在開始懷孕時都會有點缺鐵。良好的鐵食物來源包括深綠葉蔬菜和肉類。孕婦應避免服用鐵補充劑,因為它們會引起內臟症狀,例如痙攣、便秘、

或腹瀉等問題

懷孕中期 –

到懷孕中期,你的骨骼和寶寶每天需要大約 1,500 毫克的鈣,這比一夸脫 (= 4杯) 牛奶還要多。許多飲食中都缺少鈣。除了牛奶、乳製品、鈣強化果汁、甚至鈣片都是重要的鈣質來源。

懷孕中期 – 纖維

便秘是一個懷孕時常見的問題,所以孕婦應攝取多點纖維以預防便秘。你可以多進食纖維豐富的全穀物、水果,甚至乎是蔬菜。纖維補充劑如Metamucil 和 Citrucel 等在懷孕期間是可以安全服用的。

懷孕中期 – 葉酸

葉酸是最重要的維他命,它可幫助寶寶形成神經管。攝取足夠的葉酸可以幫助預防嬰兒大腦和脊柱的一些先天缺陷,如無腦畸形 (anencephaly)和脊柱裂(spina bifida)。

Reference:

Au, K., Findley, T., & Northrup, H. (2017). Finding the genetic mechanisms of folate deficiency and neural tube defects—Leaving no stone unturned. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 173(11), 3042-3057.

Kuronen, M., Hantunen, S., Alanne, L., Kokki, H., Saukko, C., Sjövall, S., Vesterinen, K, & Kokki, M. (2021). Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal constipation – an observational hybrid survey on pregnant and postpartum women and their age‐matched non‐pregnant controls. BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 128(6), 1057-1064.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1 How many extra calories are recommended during early pregnancy?

In the first three months of pregnancy, you typically need to consume about 300 more calories per day than usual. It is best to eat when you are hungry, prioritizing foods from the base of the food pyramid. If your weight gain is too slow, try eating smaller, more frequent meals and slightly increasing your fat intake.

2 What are the key nutrients needed during pregnancy and their sources?

Iron is crucial in early pregnancy, found in dark leafy greens and meats. In mid-pregnancy, about 1,500 mg of calcium is needed daily for both your bones and the baby's development, sourced from milk, dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, or calcium tablets. Folic acid is also vital in mid-pregnancy to help form the baby's neural tube and prevent certain birth defects.

3 What dietary strategies can help manage common pregnancy issues like nausea and constipation?

For nausea in early pregnancy, eat when you are hungry and consume as much as you can. To prevent constipation, a common issue in mid-pregnancy, increase your intake of fiber-rich whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber supplements like Metamucil and Citrucel are also safe to use during pregnancy.